1.
Effects of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 33 randomized controlled trials.
Zhang, HJ, Gao, X, Guo, XF, Li, KL, Li, S, Sinclair, AJ, Li, D
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2021;(7):4538-4550
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the effects of pure preparations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in reducing metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors, but the results were inconsistent. The present study aimed to clarify whether EPA and DHA have differential effects on MetS features in humans. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in CNKI, PubMed, Embase and Scopus updated to February 2021. The mean changes in the characteristics of MetS were calculated as weighted mean differences by using a random-effects model. Thirty-three RCTs were included. RESULTS The results showed that both EPA and DHA were effective at lowering serum triglycerides (TG) levels. EPA supplementation decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (WMD = -0.24 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.43, -0.05 mmol/L), TG (WMD = -0.77 mmol/L; 95% CI, -1.54, -0.00 mmol/L) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD = -0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.25, -0.01 mmol/L), while DHA increased the serum levels of TC (WMD = 0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.25 mmol/L), LDL-C (WMD = 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.15, 0.38 mmol/L) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD = 0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.04, 0.09 mmol/L). Moreover, DHA increased the serum levels of insulin compared with EPA, especially in subgroups whose mean age was <60 years (0.43 mU/L; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.81 mU/L) and duration of DHA supplementation < 3 months (0.39 mU/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.77 mU/L). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis provides evidence that EPA and DHA have different effects on risk factors of MetS.
2.
Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Plasma proteomics in the randomized WELCOME* trial.
Manousopoulou, A, Scorletti, E, Smith, DE, Teng, J, Fotopoulos, M, Roumeliotis, TI, Clough, GF, Calder, PC, Byrne, CD, Garbis, SD
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2019;(4):1952-1955
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver condition characterised by liver fat accumulation and often considered to be the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine in patients with NAFLD the system-wide effects of treatment with docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA + EPA) versus placebo on the plasma proteome. METHODS Plasma from patients that participated in a 15-18 months randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial testing the effects of 4 g DHA + EPA daily was analysed using depletion-free quantitative proteomics. RESULTS Bioinformatics interpretation of the proteomic analysis showed that DHA + EPA treatment affected pathways involving blood coagulation, immune/inflammatory response and cholesterol metabolism (p < 0.05). Two key proteins of cardiovascular risk, prothrombin and apolipoprotein B-100, were shown to decrease as a result of DHA + EPA supplementation [Prothrombin: Males DHA + EPA Mean iTRAQ log2ratio (SD) = -0.13 (0.20) p = 0.05, Females DHA + EPA Mean iTRAQ log2ratio (SD) = -0.48 (0.35) p = 0.03; Apo B-100: Males DHA + EPA Mean iTRAQ log2ratio (SD) = -0.24 (0.16) p = 0.01, Females DHA + EPA Mean iTRAQ log2ratio (SD) = -0.15 (0.05) p = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Plasma proteomics applied in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial showed that high dose DHA + EPA treatment in patients with NAFLD affects multiple pathways involved in chronic non-communicable diseases.
3.
Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation on cardiovascular markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Golzari, MH, Javanbakht, MH, Ghaedi, E, Mohammadi, H, Djalali, M
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2018;(3):411-415
Abstract
AIMS: Cardiovascular complications are one of main cause of increased mortality and morbidity among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. Altered metabolism of sulphur amino acids in diabetes reflected as increases in concentration of methionine and cysteine/cystine in the blood which known as a markers of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). The aim of present study was to determine the effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation on sulfhydryl amino acids and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). METHOD A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 36 control and patients with DM. The subjects were randomly assigned to obtain 2 g/d EPA (n = 18) or placebo (n = 18) for 8 weeks. Fasting serum level of Cystein and Methionine were measured using HPLC method and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) as a proxy measure of atherosclerosis was computed. RESULTS Eight weeks supplementation with EPA led to significant reductions in Met (p < 0.002) and Cys (p < 0.001) compared with the placebo (p < 0.06). In addition, compared to placebo a significant reduction in AIP were seen after taking EPA (p < 0.04). CONCLUSION EPA supplementation in patients with T2DM for eight weeks had beneficial effects on Met, Cys and AIP, which may attribute to the prevention of vascular complications in the T2DM patients.